BUSINESS CENTRAL WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (WMS)
WMS DEFINITIONS
General Definition
“A warehouse management system (WMS) is a software application, designed to support warehouse or distribution center management and staff. They facilitate management in their daily planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the utilization of available resources, to move and store materials into, within, and out of a warehouse, while supporting staff in the performance of material movement and storage in and around a warehouse.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse_management_system
Business Central Definition
“To support the physical handling of items on the zone and bin level, all information must be traced for each transaction or movement in the warehouse. This is managed in the Warehouse Entry table. Each transaction is stored in a warehouse register.
Warehouse documents and a warehouse journal are used to register item movements in the warehouse. Every time that an item in the warehouse is moved, received, put away, picked, shipped, or adjusted, warehouse entries are registered to store the physical information about zone, bin, and quantity.”
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-warehouse-management
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-warehouse-overview
WMS TERMINOLOGY
To align with the financial concepts of purchases and sales, Business Central warehouse documentation refers to the following terms for item flow in the warehouse.
A cycle inventory count is usually taken on a regular defined basis (often more frequently for high-value or fast-moving items and less frequently for low-value or slow-moving items).
Most effective cycle counting systems require the counting of a certain number of items every workday with each item counted at a prescribed frequency
WMS SETUP – “HOW-TO START”
Warehouse functionality in Business Central contains different levels of complexity, as defined by license permissions in the offered granules. The level of complexity in a warehouse solution is largely defined by the bin setup on location cards, which in turn is license-controlled so that access to bin setup fields is defined by the license. In addition, the application objects in the license govern which UI document to use for the supported warehouse activities.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-warehouse-setup
WHAREHOUSE MODULE
Activities
WAREHOUSE SETUP
Example
Most interesting warehouse activities – “How-To”
Define which items you want to store in any given bin and set the rules that decide when to fill the bin with a particular item.
Create Bin Contents
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/warehouse-setup-warehouse
SOME SCREENS FOR WAREHOUSE ACTIVITIES
WAREHOUSE CLASSES
ASSIGN DEFAULT BINS TO ITEMS
If you are using bins at a location, assigning default bins to your items can make the process of shipping, receiving, and moving your items much easier. When a default bin is assigned to an item, this bin is suggested every time you initiate a transaction for this item.
Default bins are defined on the Bin Content page
Bin Content Creation Worksheet
To change the default bin for an item
Open Bin Contents, In the Location Filter field, select the appropriate location code.
Find the current default bin content entry for the item and clear the Default Bin check box.
Find the bin content line for the bin that you would like as the new default bin, select the Default Bin check box.
Note – When an item is put away for the first time, and the item does not have a default bin assigned, the system will assign the bin where the item is put away as the default bin for the item.
RECEIVING & PUTTING AWAY
In Business Central, the inbound processes of receiving and putting away can be performed in four ways using different functionalities depending on the warehouse complexity level.
PUT AWAY TEMPLATES
You can create various put-away templates and then apply them as you see fit. The put-away template that you selected for the item or stockkeeping unit, if any is used first. If these fields are not filled in, then the put-away template that you selected for the warehouse on the Bin Policies FastTab on the location card is used.
Put-away Template
ENABLE A LOCATION FOR DIRECT PICK AND PUT-AWAYS
To enable a location for Direct Pick and Put-aways, you will need to run a process called “Create Warehouse Location” from the Location List.
The purpose of the Create Warehouse Location process is that it will move your inventory quantities to the Adjustment Bin.
BREAKBULK
For locations that use directed put-away and pick, Business Central can, in various situations, automatically breakbulk, that is, break a larger unit of measure into smaller units of measure, when it creates warehouse instructions that fulfill the needs of source documents, production orders, or internal picks and put-aways. To breakbulk sometimes also means gathering smaller units of measure, if necessary, to meet outbound requests by breaking the larger unit of measure on the source document or production order into the smaller units of measure that are available in the warehouse.
If you want to store items in several different units of measure and allow them to be automatically combined as needed in the picking process, select the “Allow Breakbulk” field on the location card.
To fulfill a task, application automatically looks for an item in the same unit of measure. But if it cannot find this form of the item, and this field is selected, application will suggest that you break a larger unit of measure into the unit of measure that is needed.
If the system can only find smaller units of measure, it will suggest that you gather items to fulfill the quantity on the shipment or production order. In effect, it breaks the larger unit of measure on the source document into smaller units for picking.
BINS
BIN TYPES
In WMS installations, you can restrict the warehouse activities that are allowed for a bin by assigning a bin type to it.
The following bin types exist:
Because these bins are not used for picking, either for production orders or shipments, your use of a Put Away type bin might be limited, but this bin type could be useful if you have purchased a large quantity of items. Bins of this type should always have a low bin-ranking, so that when received items are put away, other higher-ranking PUTPICK bins fixed to the item are put away first. If you are using this type of bin, you must regularly perform bin replenishment so that the items stored in these bins are also available in PUTPICK or PICK type bins.
ZONE
In advanced warehousing, bins can be grouped in zones to manage how the workflow of warehouse activities is directed.
A zone could be a receiving zone or a stocking zone, and each zone can consist of one or several bins. Most properties assigned to a zone will by default be assigned to the bin that is created from that zone.
CLASS
In advanced warehousing, you can assign warehouse class codes to items, bins, and zones to control where different item classes are stored, such as frozen goods. You can divide a zone into several warehouse classes. For example, items in the receiving zone can be stored as frozen, hazardous, or other class.
When you work with warehouse classes and a default receiving/shipping bin, you must manually fill in the appropriate bins in the warehouse receipt and shipment lines.
In inbound flows, the class code is only highlighted on inbound lines where the item class code does not match the default receiving bin. If the correct default bins are not assigned, then the quantity cannot be received.
LOCATION
A location is a physical structure or place where inventory is received, stored, and shipped, potentially organized in bins.
A location can be a warehouse, service car, showroom, plant, or an area in a plant.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-integration-with-inventory
example
BIN CONTENTS
BIN STRUCTURE
BETTER INTEGRATION WITH MANUFACTURING
Location with Bin and Inventory Pick/Put-A.
Dedicated: bin content is not available for pick
BIN LIST
BIN REPLINESHMENT
Priorities include the minimum and maximum quantities of bin content that have been fixed for a particular bin, and the bin rankings. It could also be that the warehouse is expecting new stock to arrive soon and wants to empty the bulk storage area of items before the new merchandise arrives.
if you have defined your bulk storage bins with a bin type action Put Away only, that is, the bin type does not have the Pick action selected, you must always keep your pick bins replenished, since Put Away-type bins are not suggested for a pick of inventory.
Calculate Bin Replenishment
The From Zone and From Bin fields will be blank because the algorithm to calculate from where to move the items is triggered only when you activate the “Create Movement” function.
WAREHOUSE MOVEMENT
GENERAL WMS FLOWS
GENERAL BASE SCHEMA
EXAMPLE OF A REAL SCENARIO
RECEIVING TO SHIPPING SAMPLE SCHEMA
LOCATIONS WITH BINS
EXAMPLE: CREATE PICKS FROM PICK WORKSHEETS
Create Picks
BASIC WAREHOUSING
BASIC WAREHOUSING OPERATIONS
Operations: Basic UI Documents
ADVANCED WARHOUSING
ADVANCED WAREHOUSING OPERATIONS
Operations Advanced UI Documents
WAREHOUSE TOPICS
To support the physical handling of items on the zone and bin level, all information must be traced for each transaction or movement in the warehouse. This is managed in the Warehouse Entry table. Each transaction is stored in a warehouse register.
WAREHOUSE DOCUMENTS & JOURNAL
Warehouse documents and a warehouse journal are used to register item movements in the warehouse. Every time that an item in the warehouse is moved, received, put away, picked, shipped, or adjusted, warehouse entries are registered to store the physical information about zone, bin, and quantity.
BIN CONTENT & STORAGE
The Bin Content table is used to handle all the different dimensions of the contents of a bin per item, such as unit of measure, maximum quantity, and minimum quantity.
The Bin Content table also contains flow fields to the warehouse entries, warehouse instructions, and warehouse journal lines, which ensures that the availability of an item per bin and a bin for an item can be calculated quickly.
BASIC & ADVANCED WAREHOUSE DOCUMENTS LIST
The following different UI documents are used in basic and advanced warehousing.
DOCUMENTS
INBOUND
INBOUND WAREHOUSE FLOW
The inbound flow in a warehouse begins when items arrive in the warehouse of the company location, either received from external sources or from another company location. An employee registers the items, typically by scanning a bar code. From the receiving dock, warehouse activities are performed at different complexity levels to bring the items into the storage area.
Each item is identified and matched to a corresponding inbound source document.
The following inbound source documents exist:
In addition, the following internal source documents exist that function like inbound sources:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-inbound-warehouse-flow
OUTBOUND
OUTBOUND WAREHOUSE FLOW
The following outbound source documents exist:
In addition, the following internal source documents exist that function like outbound sources:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-outbound-warehouse-flow
INTERNAL WAREHOUSE FLOWS
The flow of items between bins at a company location centers on picking components and putting away end items for assembly or production orders and ad-hoc movements, such as bin replenishments, without a relation to source documents. The scope and nature of the involved activities vary between basic and advanced warehousing.
INTERNAL FLOWS IN BASIC WAREHOUSING
INTERNAL FLOWS IN ADVANCED WAREHOUSING
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/business-central/design-details-internal-warehouse-flows
OTHER WAREHOUSE ACTIVITIES
INTERNAL WAREHOUSE PICK
WAREHOUSE PICK LINES
WAREHOUSE RECLASSIFICATION JOURNAL
INVENTORY
WAREHOUSE PHYSICAL INVENTORY
OR PHYSICAL INVENTORY ORDERS
https://robertostefanettinavblog.com/2019/05/21/physical-inventory-orders-in-business-central/
L'articolo BUSINESS CENTRAL WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (WMS) proviene da Roberto Stefanetti Blog - Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central.